Lesson 1

Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) delivers red-to-near-infrared (NIR) light through the intact skull to modulate brain function.

In published human and animal studies, laser-based tPBM has demonstrated

• neuroprotective effects

• pro-cognitive effects

• antidepressant effects

by enhancing

• mitochondrial respiration

• cerebral blood flow

• glymphatic clearance

Randomized and open-label laser trials report clinically meaningful benefits in

• ischemic stroke

• traumatic brain injury (TBI)

• major depressive disorder (MDD)

• Alzheimer’s disease (AD)

• Parkinson’s disease (PD)

No serious adverse events attributed to therapy across thousands of treated sessions.