IN THIS LESSON: Executive Summary

Health Professional Version

Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) delivers red-to-near-infrared (NIR) light through the intact skull to modulate brain function. In published human and animal studies, laser-based tPBM has demonstrated neuroprotective, pro-cognitive, and antidepressant effects by enhancing mitochondrial respiration, cerebral blood flow, and glymphatic clearance. Randomized and open-label laser trials report clinically meaningful benefits in ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), major depressive disorder (MDD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD), with no serious adverse events attributed to therapy across thousands of treated sessions.

Layperson Version

Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a therapy that shines red or near-infrared light through the scalp and skull to help the brain work better.

In simpler terms:

  • The light helps brain cells make more energy, which supports better function and repair.

  • It improves blood flow in the brain, bringing in more oxygen and nutrients.

  • It helps the brain clear out waste more efficiently.

Studies in both people and animals show that this type of light therapy may:

  • Protect brain cells from damage.

  • Improve thinking, memory, and mood.

  • Help with conditions like stroke, traumatic brain injury, depression, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease.

Clinical trials, including controlled and open-label studies, have reported meaningful improvements in these conditions. Across thousands of treatment sessions, no serious side effects have been linked to this therapy.

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